In the process, tens of thousands of refugees were killed. Subsequently, the city was taken by Danish princes in 1301. January and February are the coldest months with the temperature sometimes dropping as low as −15 °C (5 °F). [64] German militias carried out numerous beatings of Polish activists, scouts and even mailmen, as "punishment" for distributing the Polish press. Outnumbered Polish defenders at Westerplatte resisted for seven days before running out of ammunition. Réka Kinga Papp on systemic exploitation in the European sex trade. Start studying Trade increased in Europe. Mariacka Gate, Straganiarska Gate, Cow Gate, Pachołek Hill – an observation point in Oliwa, Department of Ancient Art – contains a number of important artworks, including, Ethnography Department – in the Abbot's Granary in Oliwa, Railways: The principal station in Gdańsk is, From 1 October 2018 selected circuits of line 31 from, Academy of Physical Education and Sport of Gdańsk (, TNOiK – Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierowania (Scientific Society for Organization and Management) O/Gdańsk, IBNGR – Instytut Badań nad Gospodarką Rynkową (The Gdańsk Institute for, Settlers from central Poland migrating voluntarily, 2020: Spanish health workers on the front line against, This page was last edited on 24 December 2020, at 22:53. [5] Gdańsk has also topped rankings for the quality of life, safety and living standards worldwide.[6][7][8]. [30] Low on funds, the Samborides lent the settlement to Brandenburg, although they planned to take the city back and give it to Poland. In 1308, the town was taken by Brandenburg and the Teutonic Knights restored order. For us it is a matter of expanding our Lebensraum in the east", adding that there will be no repeat of the Czech situation, and Germany will attack Poland at first opportunity, after isolating the country from its Western Allies. Beside a majority of German-speakers,[51] whose elites sometimes distinguished their German dialect as Pomerelian,[52] the city was home to a large number of Polish-speaking Poles, Jewish Poles, Latvian speaking Kursenieki, Flemings and Dutch. The area of the region was thus extended from 7,394 to 18,293 square kilometres (2,855 to 7,063 sq mi) and the population rose from 1,333,800 (1980) to 2,198,000 (2000). Winter lasts from December to March and includes periods of snow. Its 535,061 (2017) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the third-largest city in … [55] The mayor of the city stepped down from his office due to the annexation,[56] and also notable city councilor Jan (Johann) Uphagen, historian and art collector, whose Baroque house is now a museum, resigned as a sign of protest against the annexation. the city of ----- exported their trade through convoys and also through major trade routes in Europe venice contributed to the revival of Europe by re-openign the mass amounts of trading in Europe after seizing Crete after post 4th crusade. Around 1640, Johannes Hevelius established his astronomical observatory in the Old Town. Although some Kashubians may also use the name "Our Capital City Gduńsk" (Nasz Stoleczny Gard Gduńsk) or "The Kashubian Capital City Gduńsk" (Stoleczny Kaszëbsczi Gard Gduńsk), the cultural and historical connections between the city and the region of Kashubia are debatable and use of such names rises controversy among Kashubians. There are 15 higher schools including three universities. Gdańsk dzielnicas include Chełm, Piecki-Migowo, Przymorze Wielkie, Śródmieście, Wrzeszcz Dolny, Wrzeszcz Górny. In January 2019, the Mayor of Gdańsk, Paweł Adamowicz, was assassinated by a man who had just been released from prison for violent crimes; the man claimed after stabbing the mayor in the abdomen, near the heart that the mayor's political party had been responsible for imprisoning him. • Italy makes up the bulk of the Italian Peninsula, but it also includes the independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. [24] In 1186, a Cistercian monastery was set up in nearby Oliwa, which is now within the city limits. It is Poland's principal seaport and the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.[3]. [37] It maintained relations with the trade centres Bruges, Novgorod, Lisboa and Sevilla. The city was officially annexed by Nazi Germany and incorporated into the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. International trade, economic transactions that are made between countries. Gdańsk is divided into 34 administrative divisions: 6 dzielnicas and 28 osiedles. [40], In 1440, the city participated in the foundation of the Prussian Confederation which was an organisation opposed to the rule of the Teutonic Knights. Wojciech-Lipce, Osowa, Przeróbka, Przymorze Małe, Rudniki, Siedlce, Sobieszewo Island, Stogi, Strzyża, Suchanino, Ujeścisko-Łostowice, VII Dwór, Wzgórze Mickiewicza, Zaspa-Młyniec, Zaspa-Rozstaje, Żabianka-Wejhera-Jelitkowo-Tysiąclecia. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Secondary School. Since June 2014 it has been an official candidate for European Union accession. Many important agencies of the state and local government levels have their main offices here: the Provincial Administration Office, the Provincial Government, the Ministerial Agency of the State Treasury, the Agency for Consumer and Competition Protection, the National Insurance regional office, the Court of Appeals, and the High Administrative Court. Since 1454, the city was authorized by the King to mint Polish coins. [81][82] In line with the decisions made by the Allies at the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the city was integrated with Poland. Summer, which begins in June, is predominantly warm but hot at times with temperature reaching as high as 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F) at least couple times a year with plenty of sunshine interspersed with heavy rain. Spring starts in March and is initially cold and windy, later becoming pleasantly warm and often very sunny. Athens, Greece - 3000 BCE. Southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, comprises fifteen countries and the British Overseas territory of Gibraltar, and has a total population of more than 150 million people. Chester; The gates (known as Bars) of the York city walls; Estonia: Tallinn Gate in Pärnu; France: Porte de Joigny and Porte de Sens in Villeneuve-sur-Yonne The city's Hala Olivia was a venue for the official 2009 EuroBasket,[111] and the Ergo Arena was one of the 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship and 2016 European Men's Handball Championship venues. PLAY. [27] In December 1970, Gdańsk was the scene of anti-regime demonstrations, which led to the downfall of Poland's communist leader Władysław Gomułka. Troy, ancient city in northwestern Anatolia that holds an enduring place in literature and archaeology. Merchantilism. [19] Based on the date in Adalbert's vita, the city celebrated its millennial anniversary in 1997. Osiedles are Aniołki, Brętowo, Brzeźno, Jasień, Kokoszki, Krakowiec-Górki Zachodnie, Letnica, Matarnia, Młyniska, Nowy Port, Oliwa, Olszynka, Orunia-Św. [25] It was an autonomy charter similar to that of Lübeck, which was also the primary origin of many settlers. The city's name is thought to originate from the Gdania River,[9] the original name of the Motława branch on which the city is situated. Babylon was founded at some point prior to the reign of Sargon of Akkad (also known as Sargon the Great) who ruled from 2334-2279 BCE and claimed to have built temples at Babylon (other ancient sources seem to indicate that Sargonhimself founded the city). Free trade among its members was one of the EU's founding principles, and it is committed to opening up world trade as well. The city's Latin name may be given as either Gedania, Gedanum or Dantiscum; the variety of Latin names reflects the mixed influence of the city's Polish, German and Kashubian heritage. The gate was exactly where they expected it to be, marking the entrance to the city at the beginning of the Procession Street, the main thoroughfare … [31] In 1340, the Teutonic Knights constructed a large fortress, which became the seat of the knights' Komtur. According to some categorizations, it has an oceanic climate (Cfb),[96] while others classify it as belonging to the continental climate zone (Dfb). [38] In 1380, the New Town was founded as the third, independent settlement. Meanwhile, the Solidarity held its first national congress in Hala Olivia, Gdańsk when more than 800 deputies participated. The city also hosts St. Dominic's Fair, which dates back to 1260,[4] and is regarded as one of the biggest trade and cultural events in Europe. 1. It issued its own stamps as well as its currency, the Danzig gulden. Gdańsk lies at the mouth of the Motława River, connected to the Leniwka, a branch in the delta of the nearby Vistula River, which drains 60 percent of Poland and connects Gdańsk with the Polish capital, Warsaw. Gdańsk is home to the University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk University of Technology, the National Museum, the Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre, the Museum of the Second World War, the Polish Baltic Philharmonic and the European Solidarity Centre. German citizens began to flee en masse as the Soviet Red Army advanced, composed of both spontaneous flights driven by rumors of Soviet atrocities, and organised evacuation starting in the summer of 1944 which continued into the spring of 1945. Those who survived and could not escape had to face the Soviet Army, which captured the heavily damaged city on 30 March 1945,[79] followed by large-scale rape[80] and looting. Due to the special status of the city and significance within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the city inhabitants largely became bi-cultural sharing both Polish and German culture and were strongly attached to the traditions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[53]. Germany attacked Poland on 1 September after having signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union (which included a Secret Part regarding the division of Poland and the Baltic States between the two countries) in late August and after postponing the attack three times. Poland's rights also included free use of the harbour, a Polish post office, a Polish garrison in Westerplatte district, and customs union with Poland. [75] By September 1939 barely 1,700 mostly elderly Jews remained. Other main sights in the historical city centre include: Main sights outside the historical city centre include: In 2011–2015 the Warsaw-Gdańsk-Gdynia railway route underwent a major upgrading costing $3 billion, partly funded by the European Investment Bank, including track replacement, realignment of curves and relocation of sections of track to allow speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph), modernization of stations, and installation of the most modern ETCS signalling system, which was completed in June 2015. Ten years later, in August 1980, Gdańsk Shipyard was the birthplace of the Solidarity trade union movement. From at least 1224/25 a German market settlement with merchants from Lübeck existed in the area of today's Long Market. [46], On 15 May 1457, Casimir IV of Poland granted the town the Great Privilege, after he had been invited by the town's council and had already stayed in town for five weeks. Surat was a cosmopolitan city inhabited by people of all castes and creeds. July and August are the warmest months. this project has been financed with the support of the european commission. Both the Polish and the German-speaking population largely opposed the Prussian annexation and wished the city to remain part of Poland. When Krenides was attacked by Thracians the inhabitants looked to Phili… Gdańsk is the starting point of the EuroVelo 9 cycling route which continues southward through Poland, then into the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovenia before ending at the Adriatic Sea in Pula, Croatia. When they were completed in 1996 they were the world’s first inclined high-rise buildings . Some of the other Medieval towns in Europe may be more compact or have their city walls preserved, but Prague has an unmatched vibe that helps bring you back to the past. More than 1,000 multinational companies have chosen Ireland as their strategic base to enter the European market. The Order's religious networks helped to develop Danzig's literary culture. [78] Many Poles living in Danzig were deported to Stutthof or executed in the Piaśnica forest. Start studying European trade. Gdańsk has also topped rankings for the quality of life, safety and living standards worldwide. [42] This led to the Thirteen Years' War between Poland and the State of the Teutonic Order (1454–1466). The Pomeranian Voivodeship, including Gdańsk, is also a major tourist destination in the summer, as millions of Poles and other European tourists flock to the beaches of the Baltic coastline. At that time, Babylon seems to have been a minor city or perhaps a large port town on the Euphrates River at the point where it runs closest to the river Tigris. [66] In 1939, before the German invasion of Poland and outbreak of World War II, local Polish railwaymen were victims of beatings, and after the invasion, they were also imprisoned and murdered in Nazi concentration camps.[67]. These cities in Europe were voted the best by Travel + Leisure readers. The name of a settlement was recorded after St. Adalbert's death in AD 997 as urbs Gyddanyzc[10] and it was later written as Kdanzk in 1148, Gdanzc in 1188, Danceke[11] in 1228, Gdańsk in 1236,[12] Danzc in 1263, Danczk in 1311,[13] Danczik in 1399,[10][14] Danczig in 1414, Gdąnsk in 1656. The city's history is complex, with periods of Polish, Prussian and German rule, and periods of autonomy or self-rule as a free city state. Gdańsk has a climate with both oceanic and continental influences. Mercantilism. LONDON: Britain's trade agreement with the European Union removes a 4.5-year-old fear of crashing out of the bloc without trading arrangements in place, but … During the Napoleonic era the city became a free city from 1807 to 1814. Hungary is a major player in the European sex trade, not only as a host country for sex tourism and domestic punters, but also as a major provider of the labour force that works in western European countries. Contemporary Gdańsk is the capital of the province called Pomeranian Voivodeship and is one of the major centres of economic and administrative life in Poland. Being the largest and one of the most influential cities of Poland, it enjoyed voting rights during the royal election period in Poland. [23], The site was ruled as a duchy of Poland by the Samborides. [92] Today Gdańsk is a major shipping port and tourist destination. The German attack began in Danzig, with a bombardment of Polish positions at Westerplatte by the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein, and the landing of German infantry on the peninsula. Primary sources record a massacre carried out by the Teutonic Knights against the local population,[31] of 10,000 people, but the exact number killed is subject of dispute in modern scholarship. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The city's 17th-century fortifications represent one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated on 16 September 1994 and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland. Despite being within the EU territories, Albania is not part of the European Union. [47] By 1457, New Town was demolished completely, no buildings remained.[31]. This arrangement was inspired by the history of the city, which for hundreds of years was part of Poland, with which it shared economic interests, thanks to which it flourished, and within which it enjoyed wide autonomy. The city was repopulated by ethnic Poles; up to 18 percent (1948) of them had been deported by the Soviets in two major waves from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union, such as the eastern portion (Kresy) of pre-war Poland. [31], After a series of Polish-Teutonic Wars, in the Treaty of Kalisz (1343) the Order had to acknowledge that it would hold Pomerelia as a fief from the Polish Crown. Most tourist attractions are located along or near Ulica Długa (Long Street) and Długi Targ (Long Market), a pedestrian thoroughfare surrounded by buildings reconstructed in historical (primarily during the 17th century) style and flanked at both ends by elaborate city gates. In the 1980s, Gdańsk was the birthplace of the Solidarity movement, which played a major role in bringing an end to communist rule in Poland and helped precipitate the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact. There are many popular professional sports teams in the Gdańsk and Tricity area. Your IP: 51.68.37.227 London's Roman and Medieval gates of the London Wall: Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Bishopsgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate, Aldgate; Westgate, Canterbury; Eastgate, Northgate, Watergate and Bridgegate. Ask your question. The city also hosts St. Dominic's Fair, which dates back to 1260, and is regarded as one of the biggest trade and cultural events in Europe. The Gate of Europe towers are twin office buildings located in Madrid, Spain. [35] In 1346 they changed the Town Law of the city, which then consisted only of the Rechtstadt, to Kulm law. [15][16][17] In the Kashubian language the city is called Gduńsk. Amateur sports are played by thousands of Gdańsk citizens and also in schools of all levels (elementary, secondary, university). Main contractor. Record temperatures are from all Gdańsk stations. Więcej pytań niż odpowiedzi", http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/22716/Jeszcze-szybciej-z-Warszawy-do-Gdanska.html, "Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza: Wybory samorządowe", "Geografia wyborcza – Wybory samorządowe – Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza", "Wybory Samorządowe 2010 – Geografia wyborcza – Województwo pomorskie – – m. Gdańsk", "Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences", "The Gdańsk Institute for Market Economics", Extensive Danzig, East & West Prussian Historical Materials, Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig, Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers of 1970, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gdańsk&oldid=996169859, Populated places established in the 10th century, Cities and towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Articles with dead external links from September 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Articles with dead external links from July 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles containing Kashubian-language text, Articles with disputed statements from August 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 1: World Meteorological Organization, Bayer Shared Service Centre – finance & accounting, Cognor – steel, engineering, capital goods, Energa Trading – electrical and heat energy, Polnord Energobudowa – construction company, Transcom WorldWide – business processing outsourcing, Weyerhaeuser Cellulose Fibres – cellulose fibre manufacturing, OIE Support – education services (part of, brick gothic town gates, i.e. Gdańsk (/ɡəˈdænsk/ gə-DANSK, also US: /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/ gə-DAHNSK;[2] Polish: [ɡdaj̃sk] (listen); German: Danzig [ˈdantsɪç] (listen); Kashubian: Gduńsk) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland. The reconstruction was not tied to the city's pre-war appearance, but instead was politically motivated as a means of culturally cleansing and destroying all traces of German influence from the city. Legislative power in Gdańsk is vested in a unicameral Gdańsk City council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 34 members. [25] In 1224/25, merchants from Lübeck were invited as "hospites" (immigrants with specific privileges) but were soon (in 1238) forced to leave by Swantopolk II of the Samborides during a war between Swantopolk and the Teutonic Knights, during which Lübeck supported the latter. [126] Approximately 1% (100,000) of the German civilian population residing east of the Oder–Neisse line perished in the fighting prior to the surrender in May 1945. [132] As of 1 November 1945, around 93,029 Germans remained within the city limits. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. European Exploration/ Trade Vocabulary. In 1569 a Mennonite Church was founded here. by Paul Milliman page 73, 2013. From Prague to Rome to Seville, and everywhere in between, these cities are stunning centers for art, fashion, food, and more. [39] A new war broke out in 1409, culminating in the Battle of Grunwald (1410), and the city came under the control of the Kingdom of Poland. James Minahan, One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, International history of the twentieth century and beyond Antony Best page 181 Routledge; 2 edition (30 July 2008), CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, ';Jeszcze szybciej z Warszawy do Gdańska,' Kurier Kolejowy 9 January 2015, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKamusella2004 (. In the 1575 election of a king to the Polish throne, Danzig supported Maximilian II in his struggle against Stephen Báthory. Biographie einer Stadt, Munich 2011, p. 24. Trade and commerce in the medieval world developed to such an extent that even relatively small communities had access to weekly markets and, perhaps a day’s travel away, larger but less frequent fairs, where the full range of consumer goods of the period was set out to tempt the shopper and small retailer. The top five most influential cities in the world in 2019 remain entirely unchanged from the 2018 rankings, with New York and London leading the list. The city recognised him as ruler of Poland and paid the enormous sum of 200,000 guldens in gold as payoff ("apology"). The industrial sections of the city are dominated by shipbuilding, petrochemical, and chemical industries, and food processing. Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz. 5 points Which is the gate of european trade Ask for details ; Follow Report by Girijabm90 24.12.2019 Log in to add a comment What do you need to know? "[19] No further written sources exist for the 10th and 11th centuries. Founded in 1945, they play in the Ekstraklasa, Poland's top division. Though Adamowicz was able to undergo a multi-hour surgery to try to treat his wounds, he died the next day. Nagasaki. However, it has been a “potential candidate country” since 2000 when it was recognized. [131] On 30 March 1945, the Gdańsk Voivodeship was established as the first administrative Polish unit in the Recovered Territories. all of the trading that occurred at this time led to the blending and exchanging of new ideas and technologies----> renaissance STUDY. [57] An attempted student uprising against Prussia led by Gottfried Benjamin Bartholdi [de] was crushed quickly by the authorities in 1797.[58][59][60]. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. Migration of merchants to the town resumed in 1257. [85][86][87] Any traces of German tradition were ignored by the communists, suppressed, or regarded as "Prussian barbarism" only worthy of demolition,[88][89] while communist and Flemish/Dutch, Italian and French influences were used to replace the historically accurate Germanic architecture which the city was built upon since the 14th century.[90]. In 2014 the European Solidarity Centre, a museum and library devoted to the history of the movement, opened in Gdańsk.[91]. Log in. The city suffered a last great plague and a slow economic decline due to the wars of the 18th century. It has been engaged extensively with EU institutions like NATO. American architects Philip Johnson and John Burgee had to come up with a solution to a complex site on one of Madrid’s most important boulevards, the Paseo de la Castellana. [63] Polish children were refused admission to public Polish-language schools, premises were not allowed to be rented to Polish schools and preschools. Major companies in Gdańsk: The city has some buildings surviving from the time of the Hanseatic League. [24] In a document of 1271 the Pomerelian duke Mestwin II addressed the Lübeck merchants settled in the city as his loyal citizens from Germany.[28][29]. In 1215, the ducal stronghold became the centre of a Pomerelian splinter duchy. Plovdiv grew as a result of trade and due to its favorable military position being naturally fortified.