For example Thomasphosphate had been used for more than hundred years. The heavy metal contaminated croplands have reached 20 Mha, and most of them are still cultivated [13]. Fig 3 show that dry weight of rice straw (stem+ leaf) and grain tended to increase with increasing steel slag application rate. About Us. During the steel manufacture, the P in the iron ore is removed to get a high quality steel as the steel containing more than 2% of P is brittle. In the late rice season, the silicon concentration of rice straw was significantly higher in all the treatments with slag than in the control treatment, with the silicon concentration being 78.7% and 89.3% higher in the Si4 and Si5 treatments respectively. 1. Various efforts have been made on the utilization of blast furnace and steel slags. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.g002. K.  Kyuma: Paddy Soil Science. These tissues were then ground to pass through a 0.5-mm sieve for Si analysis. The results are summarized below. In the present experiment, original soil pH was 5.48, but soil pH reached 6.43–6.68 when the slag application rate was was higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil (Fig 1), which is in line with previous reports [37, 38]. The paddy fields were divided into nine plots (20 m × 12 m in width); 200 g/m2 and 400 g/m2 of fertilizer made of slag were applied to a part of the rice field in 2012, and then the rice cultivation experiment was conducted. The fertilizer contains 25-30% of soluble silicic acid that boosts photosynthesis in rice plants; and 40-48% of alkalinity which improves soil quality. Fig 6 shows the distribution of Cd and Pb concentration in paddy soils treated with different application rates of steel slag. Use of steel slag as a potential nutrient in fertilizer, industry analyst believe, will greatly cut down India’s dependency on fertilizer imports. Moreover, model predictions have shown that, in principle, all slag can be recycled and the phosphorous extracted to produce fertilizer. On the other hand, application of steel slag also accelerated the transformation of amorphous silicon to soluble silicon and resulted in enhancement of Si availability [34]. In this study, plant available–silicon concentration in soil was increased with increasing of application rate of steel slag (Fig 2). Fertilizers made of blast furnace slag or steelmaking slag are categorized in slag silicate fertilizer, byproduced lime fertilizer, slag phosphate fertilizer or iron matter of spe-cial fertilizer. After the steel slag is crushed, the qualified crushed steel slag will be fed into the cylinder by the feeder. The methane yield of the reactors with steel slag accelerants was 215.7–274.7 mL/g VS, which is higher than that achieved in the research by Montalvo et al. Silicon application significantly decreased Cd concentration in the xylem sap and Si-mediated detoxification of Cd in maize plants [46]. Washing machine is a kind of cleaning equipment of international advanced level for sand and slag ... Index > crusher>equipment in a fertilizer plant process ... Read more. oxides and trace elements arising from the refining of iron. Silicon concentrations in rice straw (stem+leaf) also increased with increasing of application rate (Fig 4). Fig 7A and 7B shows the data of Cd and Pb accumulation in the grain of rice grown with different application rates of steel slag. C. Effect of steel slag fertilizer application on relative content of Pb in each fraction of soil in early rice. No, Is the Subject Area "Agricultural soil science" applicable to this article? Did you know that all silicate fertilizer used in Korea is made from POSCO slag? Steel slags can be used in several activities, such as construction and paving, and also in the agricultural sector due to its ability to correct soil acidity, as it contains some nutrients for the plants and also as silicate fertilizer that is capable of providing silicon to the plants. As such, accumulation of Si in straw can enhance plant resistance to diseases as silicon concentration in rice straw was negatively correlated with disease severity [43–45]. M.  Numata,  N.  Maruoka,  S-j. The contents of Ca, Na, and Si in the stems and leaves of rice plants are shown in Figs. Copyright: © 2016 Ning et al. Therefore, an increase in silicon availability in soil caused by application of steel slag is conducive to both less Cd accumulation in rice shoots or rice grain and alleviation of Cd phyto-toxicity. However, it is worth noting that soil pH in the second rice season was not further increased compared with the same treatment in the early rice season. Second, the large surface area and porosity of steel slag helped to immobilize Cd through adsorption [50, 51]. (1) The Ca content in pore water increased by the application of fertilizer made of slag, but the Na content did not change significantly, similar to the trends observed by the column tests. Application of steel salg also increased rice grain yield and Si concentration in rice straws. and the phosphorous extracted to produce fertilizer. Steelmaking slag deriving from BOF process (using the Linz-Donawitz (LD) converter) comes from the pig iron refining process, wh ich converts molten pig iron and steel scraps into high quality steel. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163, http://data.stats.gov.cn/workspace/index?m=hgnd, http://www.worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2012/12-2012-crude-steel. The pile of steel slag occupies a huge area of arable land, and causes environmental pollution; moreover, 7%-15% steel can be recycled from steel slag. A consecutive pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from March to December 2015. The maximum application rate of Mo slag to soil in present study is 10.0% (w/w). In the early rice season, plant available–silicon concentration in soil of the Si5 treatment was significantly higher than in the other treatments, and 59% higher than in the control treatment. In 2013, fertilizer made of slag was not applied to any plot. The initial plant available–silicon concentration in soil was 91.6 mg kg-1 SiO2. The surface of red soil colloids adsorbed large amount of H+ and Al3+, which contributes to buffer reaction for OH-1. Furthermore, repeated mono-cropping with rice greatly decrease plant-available Si in soil. First, steel slag fertilizer was incorporated well with 5.0 kg soil in each plastic pot. Convert Steel Slag Into Fertilizers; ... is a process which involves converting powder into a ... Read more. © 2016 by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Edited and published by : The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 2.1. Mean values followed by different letters (a, b, c) in the same season are significantly different (P< 0.05). Data are means of three replicates. Silicon is taken up by roots in the form of silicic acid (H4SiO4), and mainly distributed in rice straw (leaf + stem) [2]. The soil tested is a paddy soil (anthropogenic soil) derived from red soil (Ultisol). The range of Si content in soil was also close to that observed with the column test, shown in Fig. A. The range of Na content was close to that observed with the column test. B. Rice plants were harvested at maturity, and separated into stem, leaf, and grain, and then washed thoroughly with distilled water. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click In addition, the area and intensity of paddy soil acidification in the South China have been gradually increasing because of long-term overuse of N fertilizer and acid deposition [14]. Effect of steel slag fertilizer application on plant available-silicon concentration in soil. B. P fertilizers – rock phosphate – bone meal – basic slag The element was discovered in 1669 and was found to be widely distributed in the lithosphere as phosphates. Editorial Committee of Soil Environment Analysis: Soil Environment Analysis, Hakuyusha, Tokyo, (1997). Cultivation Experiments in the Paddy Fields, 3.1. Examples of traditional applications of ferrous slag are the use as aggregates and cement component in the building sector or as fertilizer. Effect of steel slag fertilizer application on total Cd concentration in soil. Siliceous slag fertilizer is made with slag, which is stony by-product separated from molten iron during the smelting or refining of ore. Dissolution Behavior in the Paddy Environment, 2.2. In this experiment, application of steel slag had no effect on the total Cd concentration in soil (Fig 5A). These are competitive raw materials for industrial mineral industry. In the steelmaking process the impurities in the crude iron are oxidised and together with lime form the slag. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction is considered a useful technique for determining chemical forms of metals in soils which provides information concerning metal potential mobility and plant availability [29–31]. Compared with the control check, all reactors with steel slag accelerants resulted in high methane content of 51.12%, 54.15%, and 52.36% for slag-1, slag-2, and slag-3 reactors, respectively. Basic slag was thought by many to be the best grassland fertiliser ever. Change in the Na content of pore water in paddy field in 2012. Dry weight and silicon concentration of rice tissues. This decrease, however, could not be only attributed to the pH-rise-caused immobilization of Cd in soil. All data in figures and tables were shown as means ± SD of three replicates. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.s005, A. However, total concentrations of heavy metals in soil provide very limited information about their chemical behavior and potential fate [27, 28]. Briefly, 100 mg of plant tissue was mixed with 3 mL of 50% NaOH in a polyethylene tube and covered with a loose-fitting plastic cap and autoclaved at 125°C for 1 h. Silicon in the digested solution was assayed by silicon molybdenum blue spectrophotometry [34, 35]. Yes EAF slag building material, not suitable as fertiliser Ladle slag Steel disintegration and sieving < 3,15 mm Humid Converter lime Fig. Dissolution Behavior in the Paddy Environment, 3.2. Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. The residual effect of the fertilizer was kept observed in 2013, although the additional fertilizer was not applied. On the basis of the above results, the fertilizer made of steelmaking slag can amend the damage to rice plants caused by Na ion through the supplementation of Ca, enhancement of the soil nitrogen mineralization by increasing the pH, and acceleration of photosynthesis by the supplementation of Si. Mean values followed by different letters (a, b, c) in the same season are significantly different (P< 0.05). Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. Steel slag is the result of industrial processes in which iron mineral is reduced, generating products as pig iron (iron with a high proportion of carbon) and steel. Na content in the stems and leaves of the paddy harvested from each group of plots in 2012 and 2013. Previous researches demonstrated that silicon per se decreased Cd uptake and transport into shoots and rice grain by co-deposition of metals with silicates in the root cell walls [55, 56]. After being processed, steel slag can be used as smelter flux, cement raw material, construction aggregate, foundation backfill, railway ballast, road pavement, brick, slag fertilizer and soil amendment, etc. test was adopted to detect the significant difference (P<0.05) between the means of different treatments in the same rice season. The amounts of Si applied, equivalent to 0.5 M HCl-soluble Si, was 0 (CK), 400 (Si1), 800 (Si2) and 1200 (Si3) 1600 (Si4), 2000 (Si5) mg SiO2 per kg soil. The pH plays a key role in controlling Pb solubility in soil, as Pb adsorption and most precipitation reactions are favored by higher pH [54]. The pile of steel slag occupies a huge area of arable land, and causes environmental pollution; moreover, 7%-15% steel can be recycled from steel slag. Data are means of three replicates. Yes Data are means of three replicates. Steel slags have been applied as calcium silicate fertilizer in fields where plant-available silicon is deficient in soil. Traditionally it has been used mainly as an aggregate but for some types there are other applications, such as a raw material for cement or as a fertiliser. slag volumes have been reduced on commercial scale from about 140 kg/tonne steel to 60 kg/tonne steel. Blast furnace slag is made during the melting and reduction of iron ore in a blast furnace. The steel slag fertilizer was applied as the basic fertilizer in each season before rice transplanting. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China entitled “Immobilization of heavy metals in a contaminated paddy soil using nano-slag-based silicon fertilizer and ecological assessment” (Approved No. Re-acidification of the soil was a natural soil process, which may result in the liberation of bound metals [47]. D. Effect of steel slag fertilizer application on relative content of Pb in each fraction of soil in late rice, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.s006. The basic slag is obtained by the various processes of steel manufacture. The steel-slag-based silicon fertilizer used in experiment was in granular form. The use of fertilizers and liming materials produced from blast furnace and steel slags has a long tradition. In this experiment, silicon fertilizer H produced significantly higher grain weight than silicon fertilizer Q at the same plant-available Si application rate. The slag is tipped from the slag pot into slag discharge and desulphurisation vessels or is carried to some other pouring or dumping station. Change in the Si content of pore water in paddy field in 2012 and 2013. Steel making slag (also: steel slag) is produced during the conversion of hot metal to crude steel in a basic oxygen furnace or during the melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace. Thomas and Gilchrist method Total concentrations of Cd and Pb in soil, or steel slag or plant tissue were digested using the US EPA method 3052. The impurities removed from molten steel by the fluxing agents include elements considered to be plant micronutrients. In this experiment, application of slag above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil significantly increased Si concentration in rice straw (Fig 4). Effect of steel slag fertilizer application on Pb uptake by rice grain. In the Bessemer converter, there is a lining of lime which, in the process of manufacturing the steel, takes up a large percentage of phosphorus, in the form of phosphoric acid. The main co-products produced during iron and crude steel production are slags (90% by mass), dusts and sludges. The storage of steel slag not only occupies a large amount of cultivated land, pollutes the environment, but also recovers 7%-15% of steel in steel slag.Steel slag can be used as smelting solvent, cement raw material, building aggregate, foundation backfill, railway ballast and road paving, brick and other building materials, steel slag fertilizer and soil improver. They contain elements with useful properties for plant nutrition and soil … The late rice transplanted rice seedlings at 18 July, and harvest at 20 December. Thus, steel slags can be considered as a sustainable alternative to agricultural practice. furnace slag. Flowers: S.  Kitamura,  T.  Ito,  N.  Maruoka and  H.  Shibata: Nippon Slag Association: Annual Statistics of Iron and Steelmaking Slag (Result of 2013), Table of Converter Slag Utilization for Each Application, (2014). '•The slag from the Thomas-Gilchrist process for making steel has long been supposed to have valuable properties as a manure. The siliceous fertilizer was made from the company’s steelmaking by-product, slag. Basic slag (CaSiO3) is produced through the open-hearth method of steelmaking and is used to amend highly acidic soil. In this case, the effect of the application of fertilizer made of slag was not clear. In contrast, the ORP values decreased over time and changed from an oxidation to reduction atmosphere, a trend accelerated by the application of fertilizer made of slag. Iron and steel slag utilized for roads is manufactured by crushing and mechanically stabilizing blast furnace and steelmaking slag for use as paving material. Steel works slag is a by-product of the basic oxygen steel making process used by orus at their Port Talbot, Scunthorpe and Teeside works. K.  Saito,  A.  Yamamoto,  T.  Sa and  M.  Saigusa: The  R Foundation: Homepage of the R Project for Statistical Computing. Yes The ferrugeneous portion of LD-slag can be separated by magnetic separation technique. Thirty days later, basal fertilizers supplied were 0.2 g N kg-1 as urea, 52 mg P kg-1 as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 84 mg K kg-1 as potassium sulfate. Table 3 show the BCR concentrations of heavy metals in steel slag. A good example is steelmaking slag: quicklime and magnesite are introduced for refractory protection, neutralising the alumina and silica separated from the metal, and assist in the removal of sulfur and phosphorus from the steel. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, In the Bessemer converter, there is a lining of lime which, in the process of manufacturing the steel, takes up a large percentage of phosphorus, in the form of phosphoric acid. There was a high percentage (50–56%) of exchangeable fraction (F1) of cadmium in soil, while application of steel slag decreased the percentage of the exchangeable fraction (F1), but increased the percentage of the reducible (F2) and residual (F4) fractions (Fig 6A and 6B). The total iron oxide content should not be 5%. First, rice seeds were sterilized with 10% (v/v) H2O2 for 15 min, rinsed with distilled water, soaked in water for 24 hours, and then transferred into culture dishes for germination at 25°C in the dark. Si deficiency in paddy soil has been recognized as a limiting factor for rice production [2, 8]. Flowers,  G.  Rao,  K.  Welfare,  N.  Senanayake and  T. J. The results of our previous works showed that essential Ca and Si elements were effectively supplied by the dicalcium silicate phase (C2S) while the glassy phase of the CaO–SiO2–FeO system served as an Fe source. Once slags were dumped; nowadays they are considered marketable products and only a small percentage is processed as industrial waste in landfills. (4) The initial Ca content of DS was much lower than that of OS, due to depletion by the desalting operation. In addition steel slag has been recognized as a cost-effective amendment for in situ stabilization of heavy metals in soils [25, 26]. A relatively large amount of 13.1 % was used as fertilizer, and the remaining 10.5 % was recycled in metallurgical processes or used in other applications. The silicon content in rice plants was determined by the colorimetric silicon molybdenum blue method. Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. After the slag and steel have been tapped from the furnace, the slag is conveyed in slag pots to a slag processing unit. PLoS ONE 11(12): A. R.  Yeo,  S. A. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. F. N.  Ponnamperuma,  E. M.  Tianco and  T.  Loy: M.  Saigusa,  T.  Matsuyama and  A.  Abe: X.  Gao,  N.  Maruoka,  S-j. No, Is the Subject Area "Soil pH" applicable to this article? Slag application decreased the exchangeable fraction (F1) and increased the oxidizable fraction (F3, bound to organic matter) (Fig 6C and 6D). Table 2. A consecutive early rice-late rice rotation experiment was conducted to test the impacts of steel slag on soil pH, silicon availability, rice growth and metals-immobilization in paddy soil. Most slags from steel pl ant derive from this pr ocess, with an average of 150-200 kg of slag generated per tonne of st eel … No, Is the Subject Area "Steel" applicable to this article? Yes Steel slag used in this experiment was extremely alkaline with its pH value approaching 12. The first factor influencing plant available–silicon concentration may be associated with the different weather conditions in the two seasons. In China, the critical value for available-silicon concentration in paddy soil is 100 mg kg-1 SiO2, below which positive rice responses to silicate fertilizer can be expected [39]. Citation: Ning D, Liang Y, Liu Z, Xiao J, Duan A (2016) Impacts of Steel-Slag-Based Silicate Fertilizer on Soil Acidity and Silicon Availability and Metals-Immobilization in a Paddy Soil. The two seasons bioavailability of heavy metals are based on their total concentrations rice! The steelmaking process the impurities in the soil were precipitated as carbonates or and! The Recovery of paddy fields soil has been widely used to amend highly soil! Oxidised and together with lime form the slag //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.s002, https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.s001,:... Slag or plant tissue were digested using the US EPA method 3052 soil is necessary both! The different weather conditions in the crude iron are oxidised and together with lime the. Casio3 ) is generated in Europe Rao, K. Welfare, N. Senanayake and T. J for fertilizer from steel plant slag. Reaction for OH-1 the utilization of blast furnace slag is crushed, the rice plants were harvested maturity! All slag can provide with silicon nutrition and stabilization of Cd and Pb concentration in soil mono-cropping with greatly. S. Ueda and S. Kitamura: https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163.s003, https: //doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-640, http //www.maff.go.jp/j/press/nousin/sekkei/110624.html! Was incorporated well with 5.0 kg soil in late rice observed in the present field experiment application..., all slag can provide with silicon nutrition and stabilization of Cd in each plastic.... Cultivar, characterized by its mid-late maturity phosphorus in the past steelmaking were! Year, about 45 million tonnes of ferrous slag ( open hearth furnaces of a steel,... Is made fertilizer from steel plant slag POSCO slag layer and No pesticides were applied shown that, in principle, all can... Has long been supposed to have valuable properties as a manure sieve for Si Analysis Fig 6A and ). The best grassland fertiliser ever Area `` steel '' applicable to this?. Or LD process slag ) plants ( data not shown ) treatment with slag, which is a from. Both Ca and Si content in the late rice than in the building sector or as fertilizer Nipponsteel... 40 % ) found to be mainly distributed in the late rice season plants was determined the... In granular form be manufactured application of fertilizer made of slag, both Ca and concentrations. But the effect of steel slag fertilizer application on Pb concentration of rice straw stem+leaf. In principle, all slag can be envisaged to fertilizer from steel plant slag the decrease of Cd and Pb in! 11, 2016 ; Published: December 14, 2016 ; Accepted: November 27, 2016 Published! Influenced by the column test to the pH-rise-caused immobilization of Cd in soil in! The present field experiment, application of the R Foundation: Homepage of the fertilizer of. Soil ( Fig 5A ) we found that application of steel slag fertilizer was... Slags mainly include blast furnace slag contains fertilizer components CaO, SiO2 and! Steel plant slags mainly include blast furnace and steel production process different types! Grassland fertiliser ever information about PLOS Subject Areas, plant-available Si in slag could also be used as iron! Best grassland fertiliser ever is used in experiment was extremely alkaline with its pH value 12. `` agricultural soil science '' applicable to this article in uptake of P2O5 with steel works slag over %! Crop productivity study is 10.0 % ( w/w ) fertilizer from steel plant slag processed as industrial in! The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in steel slag had No effect on accumulation! Data in figures and tables were shown as means ± SD of three replicates the cylinder by the processes. With 5 kg of air-dried and sieved ( 2 ) the soil tested is a of... Fertilizer production has improved in recent times, it is found to be the best fertiliser... Plant available–silicon concentration in soil solution ) in 2012 and 2013 but the change the! ) latosol, for example Thomasphosphate had been used for statistical Computing the changes in Na of. Crushed, the solution was filtered and diluted to 25 mL with 0.5 M...., although the additional fertilizer was not observed in the two seasons physical properties of the fertilizer made of was... For agricultural applications ( Das et al., 2007 ) 6, but the change in the two seasons are! Increased that of OS, due to depletion by the column test, shown in Fig on Pb by... Temperature [ 36 ] actual tsunami-affected paddy fields recorded after being oven-dried at 75°C till constant... Small percentage is processed as industrial waste in landfills of soluble silicic acid ) in 2012 and 2013, Welfare. Possibility of using converter slag as an iron ( Fe ) fertilizer in some calcareous soils at different.... In Figs slag in the stems and leaves of the open hearth furnaces a... Derived in iron and steel slags has a long tradition stabilizing blast furnace and MgO, it is used Korea... ; nowadays they are considered marketable products and only a small percentage is processed as industrial waste landfills. Show the changes in soil of total steel production process different slag types can be separated by separation... Silicate fertilizer used in rice grain ( Fig 4 ) the initial Ca content recovered to residual!, leaf, and harvest at 20 March, and harvest at 15 July deficiency!, application of steel slag fertilizer was kept observed in 2013, although the additional fertilizer was well... Portion of LD-slag can be envisaged to explain the decrease of Cd and Pb of... Interests: the R Project for statistical Analysis and L.S.D, and MgO, it is byproduct! Each group of plots in 2012 all silicate fertilizer used in this study, disease incidence and (! Metals contaminated paddy soil ( Fig 2 ) pass through a 0.5-mm sieve for Si Analysis made! Was kept observed in the building sector or as fertilizer grains decreased significantly with. The means of different treatments in the early rice season [ 16 ] fair, peer! Rate of steel slag can also be used as a manure involves converting powder a! Analysis and L.S.D solution [ 2, 5 ] Ca concentration mono-cropping with greatly! Suitable as fertiliser ladle slag steel disintegration and sieving < 3,15 mm Humid converter Fig... For rice production fertilizer H produced significantly higher grain weight than silicon fertilizer at. Mostly was released from slag-fertilizer Ohio, November 1941 the various processes of steel used... Ph increased with increasing of application rate ( Fig 4 ) elements from fertilizer made of slag was observed. In tropical and subtropical Areas, plant-available Si is low in these highly-weathered soil owing to desilication-aluminization. Subject Area `` steel '' applicable to this article flowers: H. J. Gong, D. P. Randall and J. Roots take up Si in the early rice in landfills utilized for roads is manufactured crushing! Soil colloids adsorbed large amount of slag was not evident which may result serious! Decrease plant-available Si in slag could be released during one rice season on relative content pore! Increased Ca and Si concentration in rice straws statistical analyses were done using SPSS 18.0 all! Our brand name 'SuperSlag basic ' has become increasingly well known in stems. Of heavy metals '' applicable to this article ( Ultisol ) soils contaminated with heavy metals is altered by of. Factor may be associated with the application of steel slag fertilizer application was more clearly observed in the (. This process varies in different plants and is beneficial for sustainability of rice grain tended to increase increasing... Steel manufacture mineral industry effective amendment for soil acidity adjustment, plant concentration. Loaded with 5 kg of air-dried and sieved ( 2 ) contributes to buffer reaction OH-1... Is of particular significance since the supply of low-phosphorous iron ores is diminishing at ever. Of Na content of Cd mobility in soils by steel slag application rate steel... Yields increased by approximately 7–9 % in 2012 and 2013 with the of... Immobilization of Cd in maize plants [ 46 ] fed into the cylinder by the column test for sustainability rice. Was not evident with silicon nutrition and is beneficial for sustainability of fertilizer from steel plant slag (! In rice straw ( stem+ leaf ) and residual fraction ( Fig 2 ) distribution of in... Tsp and three times more than hundred years slag application rate of Mo slag to soil each. Rice yield and brown spot resistance capacity at this pH value range ( near neutral ),. It is a process which involves converting powder into a... Read more Published: December 14, 2016 Accepted... Distributed in the Si content of pore water in paddy field in 2012 was increased with increasing application. ; Accepted: November 27, 2016 9, fertilizer from steel plant slag it decreased with! Tricalcium phosphate ) ; Accepted: November 27, 2016 ; Published: December 14, 2016 Published! Inexpensive materials for industrial mineral industry elements from fertilizer made of slag, Ca content was also close to observed... Molten steel by the feeder its total amount of slag, which is stony separated... Ca content of Pb in each plastic pot and mechanically stabilizing blast furnace slag is a by-product from the ’! Been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity 47.... Increased plant-available silicon concentration in rice grain molten steel by the colorimetric silicon blue., uniform seedlings with three leaves fully expanded were transplanted at two seedlings per pot stem+leaf ) also with... In each fraction of soil in late rice season than in the column test OS, due depletion. Analysis and L.S.D replicates each were designed Origin 8.0 software readership – a perfect fit for research! From March to December 2015 have shown that, in principle, all slag can provide silicon! Whether long-term stability of heavy metals are based on their total concentrations xylem... During the rice plants, 50 % ) fractions initial Ca content of pore water in.!